Preclinical efficacy evaluation of two commercially available anti-snake venom against naja nigricollis induced envenomation

Background: The biochemical and immunological variations of snake venom components lead to many challenges in manufacturing appropriate anti (ASV). These have negatively impacted clinical outcomes due the availability ineffffective ASVs countries where does not originate. There are reports exported some African with public health economic consequences on already debilitating crisis. Recently, there been calls publications draw attention policymakers regional regulators need for preclinical data related ASV, especially when manufactured from other regions. We therefore, screened two most commercially available antisnake Northern Nigeria against medically important cobra (N. nigricollis). Methods: N. nigricollis was manually milked fifive captured wild LD50 determined using probit analysis. effiffifficacy evaluation conducted classical world organization's mixing venom/ASV methods lethal, hemorrhagic, hemolytic necrotic effffect mice rabbit blood. Result: median lethal dose (LD50) Naja estimated be 1.0 mg/kg as calculated Probit used this study; EchiTab Plus-ICP Premium Antivenom (PAV), provided protection (100%) venom-induced lethality except at 100l/mouse, PAV only 33% protection. All administered doses both EchiTab-Plus-ICP showed statistically signifificant reduction (p<0.001) mean hemorrhagic diameter compared control group (19.12±1.95 mm). also all groups (8.58±1.33 ml). Two dilutions (100 200 l) were able signifificantly reduce (>50%) hemolysis by 58 62% respectively, group. On hand, such observed PAV. Conclusion: ASV Nigeria, Antivenom, (P > 0.01) effffective pathological parameters envenoming, including; hemolysis, lesions, Plus-ICPshowing better activity.